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REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW

Antonius G. T. SCHUT, Emily C. COOLEDGE, Marc MORAINE, Gerrie W. J. VAN DE VEN, Davey L. JONES, David R. CHADWICK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期   页码 111-129 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020373

摘要： Ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides socioeconomic benefits to the farmer but has led to greater externalization of environmental costs when compared to mixed farming systems. Better integration of crop and livestock systems offers great potential to rebalance the economic and environmental trade-offs in both systems. The aims of this study were to analyze changes in farm structure and review and evaluate the potential for reintegrating specialized intensive crop and livestock systems, with specific emphasis on identifying the co-benefits and barriers to reintegration. Historically, animals were essential to recycle nutrients in the farming system but this became less important with the availability of synthetic fertilisers. Although mixed farm systems can be economically attractive, benefits of scale combined with socio-economic factors have resulted in on-farm and regional specialization with negative environmental impacts. Reintegration is therefore needed to reduce nutrient surpluses at farm, regional and national levels, and to improve soil quality in intensive cropping systems. Reintegration offers practical and cost-effective options to widen crop rotations and promotes the use of organic inputs and associated benefits, reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers, biocides and manure processing costs. Circular agriculture goes beyond manure management and requires adaptation of both food production and consumption patterns, matching local capacity to produce with food demand. Consequently, feed transport, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient surpluses and nutrient losses to the environment can be reduced. It is concluded that reintegration of specialized farms within a region can provide benefits to farmers but may also lead to further intensification of land use. New approaches within a food system context offer alternatives for reintegration, but require strong policy incentives which show clear, tangible and lasting benefits for farmers, the environment and the wider community.

关键词： circular agriculture     coupled farming systems     mixed farming     specialised farming systems     GHG    

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Characterising populations living close to intensive farming and composting facilities in England

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1332-z

摘要：

• Bioaerosol emitted from farming and composting facilities may pose health risks.

关键词： Composting     Intensive farming     Bioaerosol     Population characteristics     Public health    

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LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期   页码 48-60 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022475

摘要：

● Large farms had the highest average yield and the least yield variation.

关键词： plantations     land transfer     large-scale farming     nutrient management     soil acidification    

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Reducing the environmental footprint of food and farming with Agriculture Green Development

William J. DAVIES, Jianbo SHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第1期   页码 1-4 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019311

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Iteration framework for solving mixed lubrication computation problems

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第3期   页码 635-648 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0632-8

摘要： The general discrete scheme of time-varying Reynolds equation loses the information of the previous step, which makes it unreasonable. A discretization formula of the Reynolds equation, which is based on the Crank–Nicolson method, is proposed considering the physical message of the previous step. Gauss–Seidel relaxation and distribution relaxation are adopted for the linear operators of pressure during the numerical solution procedure. In addition to the convergent criteria of pressure distribution and load, an estimation framework is developed to investigate the relative error of the most important term in the Reynolds equation. Smooth surface with full contacts and mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication is tested for validation. The asperity contact and sinusoidal wavy surface are examined by the proposed discrete scheme. Results show the precipitous decline in the boundary of the contact area. The relative error suggests that the pressure distribution is reliable and reflects the accuracy and effectiveness of the developed method.

关键词： mixed lubrication     discretization formula     relative error     Reynolds equation     asperity    

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Evaluation of automated in-line precision dairy farming technology implementation in three dairy farms

Maria CARIA, Giuseppe TODDE, Antonio PAZZONA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 181-187 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019252

摘要：

In recent decades, dairy farms have been exposed to wide variation in profit levels due to a considerable variability of milk price, and energy and feed costs. Consequently, it is necessary for the dairy industry to improve efficiency and productivity by adopting innovative technologies. The automated in-parlour milk analysis and separation is mainly useful to produce low or high quality milk and to monitor the animal health status. Milk with high levels of protein and fat contents may reduce the intensity of standardization during cheesemaking process, reducing production costs. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of real-time milk separation during milking and the performance of the milking machine after implementation of AfiMilk MCS. In addition, the economic aspects were assessed. The separation of milk required the existing milking parlors to be equipped with an additional milkline to allow channeling milk with low and high coagulation properties into two different cooling tanks. The results showed that the high coagulation milk fraction, compared to the bulk milk, increased in fat (from 18% to 43%) and protein (from 3% to 7%) concentration. The technology tested has given promising results showing reliability and efficiency in milk separation in real time with affordable implementation costs.

关键词： cheese yield     infrared analysis     milk quality     real-time measurement     sensor    

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Perspective of mixed matrix membranes for carbon capture

Shinji Kanehashi, Colin A. Scholes

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 460-469 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1881-5

摘要： Polymeric membrane-based gas separation has found wide applications in industry, such as carbon capture, hydrogen recovery, natural gas sweetening, as well as oxygen enrichment. Commercial gas separation membranes are required to have high gas permeability and selectivity, while being cost-effective to process. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have a composite structure that consists of polymers and fillers, therefore featuring the advantages of both materials. Much effort has been made to improve the gas separation performance of MMMs as well as general membrane properties, such as mechanical strength and thermal stability. This perspective describes potential use of MMMs for carbon capture applications, explores their limitations in fabrication and methods to overcome them, and addresses their performance under industry gas conditions.

关键词： membranes     polymeric     mixed matrix     impurities    

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当前我国灌区节水改造的问题与对策

孙雪涛

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第9期   页码 24-30

摘要：

我国灌区的建设与管理中仍然存在着“重建轻管”、“重灌轻排”的现象，这是长期投入不合理和传统的管理体制所造成的。文章指出在进行大型灌区续建配套与节水改造的过程中，应以建设节水高效灌溉农业为目标，采取国家加大投资力度并调整投资分担比例，进行管理体制的改革，推广科学灌溉并提高用水效率等有力措施，以改变“重建轻管”、“重灌轻排”的现象，使我国灌溉农业得以可持续发展。

关键词： 灌溉     排水     盐碱化     农业     节水高效    

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new regeneration approach to cation resins with aluminum salts: application of desalination by its mixed

Zhigang LIU, Shaomin ZHU, Yansheng LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 45-50 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0262-6

摘要： A novel method for the regeneration of cation exchange resins by aluminum (Al) salts was investigated in order to improve the regeneration efficiency of resins and reduce the dosage of regenerant. The influences of Al concentration and the pH of regeneration solution on resin transformation had been studied. The desalination experiments were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of the Al form resins. Experimental results showed that the regeneration rate of resins was strictly dependent on Al concentration and the pH of the solution. Compared to the conventional regeneration method, the Al form mixed bed exhibited the same desalination capability as the H form mixed bed (MB), and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal was up to 90%, clearly higher than that of the H form. Al salt solution could be utilized repeatedly to regenerate Al form resins.

关键词： aluminum (Al) form resins     desalination     mixed bed (MB)     regeneration    

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秦巴山脉农林畜药绿色循环发展战略研究

刘旭,梅旭荣,杨正礼,杨世琦

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第5期   页码 24-30 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.05.004

摘要：

秦巴山脉农业发展面临的主要问题是农业发展与生态环境矛盾突出，农业生产方式转变难度大，农业资源的差异化和碎片化影响农业经营规模与布局，农产品特色品种多，但知名品牌少、深加工少、效益差，以及特色农产品销售渠道和平台薄弱等。本文基于秦巴山脉农林畜药发展目标与思路，提出了山地生态环境红线管理与环境质量提升、科教引领、特色农产品品牌打造、基于农牧良性循环的生态农业、林下特色经济、山地特色农产品加工与营销六大战略。

关键词： 秦巴山脉     农林畜药     绿色循环发展     战略    

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开展陆生与水产养殖动物营养感知研究的展望 Perspective

高宗宇, 刘成栋, 麦康森, 何艮

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第23卷 第4期   页码 112-117 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.019

摘要：

饲料在动物生长和健康中扮演着重要的角色，然而决定饲料表现的内在机一直是一个所谓的“黑箱”。直到近年来，研究证明营养素能够作为信号分子被细胞和机体感知，并在调控基因表达和代谢活动中起着至关重要的作用。多条分别感知不同营养素的信号通路被发现，营养感知信号调节也已在临床医学中被广泛用于药物开发与疾病控制。然而，在陆生和水产养殖动物中，对主要营养素（蛋白质、糖脂等）的营养感知和代谢调控的研究仍处于起步阶段。因此，我们针对未来在动物营养学中开展营养感知研究可能的研究主题和应用场景提出设想和建议。

关键词： 营养感知     新陈代谢     陆上养殖动物     水产养殖     动物营养     精确营养    

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characteristics and daily fluctuations of microplastics throughout wastewater treatment plants with mixed

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 6-6 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1440-4

摘要：

• MPs were analyzed throughout three WWTPs with mixed domestic–industrial influents.

关键词： Microplastic     Wastewater treatment plant     Mixed domestic-industrial influent     Characteristic     Daily fluctuation    

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Scrap Iron Filings assisted nitrate and phosphate removal in low C/N waters using mixed microbial culture

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1358-2

摘要：

• Microbes enhance denitrification under varying DO concentrations and SIF dosages.

关键词： Scrap iron filing     Nitrate removal     Phosphate removal     Mixed culture denitrification     Zero valent iron    

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Fluoride ions adsorption from water by CaCO enhanced Mn–Fe mixed metal oxides

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 236-248 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2193-8

摘要： Novel CaCO3-enhanced Mn–Fe mixed metal oxides (CMFC) were successfully prepared for the first time by a simple-green hydrothermal strategy without any surfactant or template combined with calcination process. These oxides were then employed as an adsorbent for adsorptive removal of excess fluoride ions. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM, XPS, XRD, FTIR, and BET analysis techniques. The adsorption property of CMFC toward fluoride ion was analyzed by batch experiments. In fact, CMFC exhibited adsorption capacity of 227.3 mg∙g‒1 toward fluoride ion. Results showed that ion exchange, electrostatic attraction and chemical adsorption were the main mechanism for the adhesion of large amount of fluoride ion on the CMFC surface, and the high adsorption capacity responded to the low pH of the adsorption system. When the fluoride ion concentration was increased from 20 to 200 mg∙L‒1, Langmuir model was more in line with experimental results. The change of fluoride ion adsorption with respect to time was accurately described by pseudo-second-order kinetics. After five cycles of use, the adsorbent still maintains a performance of 70.6% of efficiency, compared to the fresh adsorbent. Therefore, this material may act as a potential candidate for adsorbent with broad range of application prospects.

关键词： mesoporous materials     metal oxides     fluoride ion     adsorption mechanism    

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Optimization and modeling of biohydrogen production by mixed bacterial cultures from raw cassava starch

Shaojie Wang,Zhihong Ma,Ting Zhang,Meidan Bao,Haijia Su

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 100-106 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1617-3

摘要： The production of bio-hydrogen from raw cassava starch via a mixed-culture dark fermentation process was investigated. The production yield of H was optimized by adjusting the substrate concentration and the microorganism mixture ratio. A maximum H yield of 1.72 mol H /mol glucose was obtained with a cassava starch concentration of 10 g/L to give a 90% utilization rate. The kinetics of the substrate utilization and of the generation of both hydrogen and volatile fatty acids were also investigated. The substrate utilization follows pseudo first order reaction kinetics, whereas the production of both H and the VFAs correlate with the Gompertz equation. These results show that cassava is a good candidate for the production of biohydrogen.

关键词： cassava     biohydrogen     mixed cultures     kinetics    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW

Antonius G. T. SCHUT, Emily C. COOLEDGE, Marc MORAINE, Gerrie W. J. VAN DE VEN, Davey L. JONES, David R. CHADWICK

期刊论文

Characterising populations living close to intensive farming and composting facilities in England

期刊论文

LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA

期刊论文

Reducing the environmental footprint of food and farming with Agriculture Green Development

William J. DAVIES, Jianbo SHEN

期刊论文

Iteration framework for solving mixed lubrication computation problems

期刊论文

Evaluation of automated in-line precision dairy farming technology implementation in three dairy farms

Maria CARIA, Giuseppe TODDE, Antonio PAZZONA

期刊论文

Perspective of mixed matrix membranes for carbon capture

Shinji Kanehashi, Colin A. Scholes

期刊论文

当前我国灌区节水改造的问题与对策

孙雪涛

期刊论文

new regeneration approach to cation resins with aluminum salts: application of desalination by its mixed

Zhigang LIU, Shaomin ZHU, Yansheng LI

期刊论文

秦巴山脉农林畜药绿色循环发展战略研究

刘旭,梅旭荣,杨正礼,杨世琦

期刊论文

开展陆生与水产养殖动物营养感知研究的展望

高宗宇, 刘成栋, 麦康森, 何艮

期刊论文

characteristics and daily fluctuations of microplastics throughout wastewater treatment plants with mixed

期刊论文

Scrap Iron Filings assisted nitrate and phosphate removal in low C/N waters using mixed microbial culture

期刊论文

Fluoride ions adsorption from water by CaCO enhanced Mn–Fe mixed metal oxides

期刊论文

Optimization and modeling of biohydrogen production by mixed bacterial cultures from raw cassava starch

Shaojie Wang,Zhihong Ma,Ting Zhang,Meidan Bao,Haijia Su

期刊论文